COSTA RICA IN NETWORKS: CONSERVATION AND DIGNITY CHALLENGES TOWARDS A COLLABORATIVE, SOLIDARITY AND DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE PUNTARENA FISHING SECTOR

Abstract

The fishing sector in Costa Rica faces historical challenges such as invisibility, lack of clear policies, and limited investment in technology and education, despite being vital for the country’s identity and livelihood. Although the nation is recognized for protecting its biodiversity, recent measures banning the export of vulnerable species, such as sharks and sailfish, have sparked tensions. These actions aim to prevent irreparable damage to the ecosystem, but in regions like Puntarenas, they translate into unemployment and poverty, affecting more than 60,000 people who depend directly or indirectly on fishing. The environmental approach, while necessary, highlights the absence of sustainable alternatives for coastal communities. Fishermen demand justice, temporary permits, and support to adapt to responsible models. Transforming fishing into sustainable practices requires financing, training, and technology, which remain insufficient. Moreover, illegal fishing persists, threatening both biodiversity and those who comply with the law. The solution calls for comprehensive public policies, dialogue between the government and fishermen, and the inclusion of the sector in the collaborative and digital economy. Investing in mariculture, community tourism, and digital traceability would help diversify income and ensure transparency. People of the sea do not seek privileges: they want to work, protect the ocean, and feed their families.